Studies

1. Temporal Increases in Plasma Markers of Oxidized LDL Strongly Reflect the Presence of Acute Coronary Syndromes — 2003, JACC
   Tsimikas, Witztum et al. showed that OxPL-apoB levels rise following acute coronary syndromes and demonstrated a strong relationship between OxPL-apoB and Lp(a).

2. High-Dose Atorvastatin Reduces Total Plasma Levels of Oxidized Phospholipids and Immune Complexes Present on ApoB-100 in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the MIRACL Trial — 2004, Circulation
   Studied 2,341 acute coronary syndrome patients and evaluated how intensive atorvastatin therapy affected OxPL-apoB and related oxidation biomarkers.

3. Oxidized Phospholipids, Lp(a) Lipoprotein, and Coronary Artery Disease — 2005, New England Journal of Medicine
   In 504 patients undergoing coronary angiography, higher OxPL-apoB was associated with coronary artery disease and strongly correlated with Lp(a). 

4. Oxidized Phospholipids Predict the Presence and Progression of Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerosis and Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease — 2006, JACC
   The 5-year Bruneck Study showed that elevated OxPL-apoB predicted the presence and progression of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis.

5. Oxidized Phospholipids, Lipoprotein(a), Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity, and 10-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes — 2007
   The Bruneck Study found that higher OxPL-apoB was associated with increased long-term cardiovascular-event risk and provided additional cardiovascular risk information.

6. Increased Plasma Oxidized Phospholipid:Apolipoprotein B-100 Ratio With Concomitant Depletion of Oxidized Phospholipids From Atherosclerotic Lesions After Dietary Lipid-Lowering — 2007, ATVB
   Experimental research showed that changes in plasma OxPL-apoB accompanied changes in oxidized phospholipids within atherosclerotic lesions during lipid lowering.

7. A Novel Function of Lipoprotein(a) as a Preferential Carrier of Oxidized Phospholipids in Human Plasma — 2008, Journal of Lipid Research
   Demonstrated that Lp(a) is a preferential carrier of oxidized phospholipids in human plasma, helping explain the strong relationship between OxPL-apoB and Lp(a).

8. The Role of Oxidized Phospholipids in Mediating Lipoprotein(a) Atherogenicity — 2008, Current Opinion in Lipidology
   Tsimikas and Witztum reviewed evidence that oxidized phospholipids carried by Lp(a) may contribute to its pro-inflammatory and atherogenic properties.

9. Relationship of Oxidized Phospholipids on Apolipoprotein B-100 Particles to Race/Ethnicity, Apo(a) Isoform Size, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors — Dallas Heart Study — 2009, Circulation
   In 3,481 participants, OxPL-apoB strongly correlated with Lp(a) and was inversely associated with apo(a) isoform size. 

10. Oxidation-Specific Biomarkers, Lipoprotein(a), and Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Events — EPIC-Norfolk Study
    Prospective analysis found that higher OxPL-apoB levels were associated with increased risk of future coronary events.

11. Oxidized Phospholipids on ApoB-100-Containing Lipoproteins: A Biomarker Predicting Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Events — 2011
    Review summarizing clinical evidence supporting OxPL-apoB as a biomarker associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.

12. Oxidized Phospholipids Are Present on Plasminogen, Affect Fibrinolysis, and Increase Following Acute Myocardial Infarction — 2012, JACC
    Demonstrated that oxidized phospholipids are present on plasminogen, can influence fibrinolysis, and increase following acute myocardial infarction.

13. Oxidation-Specific Biomarkers, Prospective 15-Year Cardiovascular and Stroke Outcomes, and Net Reclassification of Cardiovascular Events — 2012, JACC
    In the 15-year Bruneck follow-up, the highest OxPL-apoB tertile was associated with 2.4× the risk of cardiovascular disease and 3.6× the risk of stroke versus the lowest tertile. 

14. Effect of Therapeutic Interventions on Oxidized Phospholipids on ApoB-100 and Lipoprotein(a) — 2016, Journal of Clinical Lipidology
    Examined how lipid-modifying therapies affect OxPL-apoB and Lp(a).

15. Oxidized Phospholipids on ApoB-100 and Recurrent Ischemic Events Following Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack — 2017, JACC / SPARCL
    Investigated OxPL-apoB in patients with previous stroke or TIA and its relationship with recurrent ischemic cardiovascular events.

16. Oxidized Phospholipids in Cardiovascular Disease — 2024, Nature Reviews Cardiology
    Tsimikas and Witztum review decades of experimental and clinical evidence connecting OxPL with inflammation, Lp(a), atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. 

17. Oxidized Phospholipids, Lipoprotein(a), and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndrome — 2025, Circulation
    In 11,630 patients from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, Tsimikas, Witztum and colleagues evaluated OxPL-apoB and Lp(a) in patients after acute coronary syndrome and their relationship with subsequent cardiovascular events. 
    View study on PubMed

18. Antibody E06 and the Role of Oxidized Phospholipids in Atherogenesis and Inflammation — 2026, Circulation Research
    Witztum, Tsimikas and colleagues review evidence showing that oxidized phospholipids promote inflammation, cell injury and atherosclerosis, and explain how the E06 antibody is used to detect and study OxPL. 
    View study on PubMed
    Full text at Circulation Research